Erythema nodosum - Eritema Nodoso
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Aparece como un nódulo eritematoso doloroso en la pierna.
References
Erythema nodosum es el tipo más común de paniculitis, caracterizado por nódulos rojos dolorosos, que se encuentran principalmente en la parte inferior de las piernas. Su causa exacta sigue siendo desconocida, pero parece ser el resultado de una respuesta exagerada a varios desencadenantes. Aunque su origen suele ser incierto, es fundamental descartar otras afecciones subyacentes antes de diagnosticar primary erythema nodosum. Puede indicar la aparición de enfermedades sistémicas como infecciones, inflamación, cáncer o reacciones a medicamentos. Los desencadenantes comunes incluyen strep infections, tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, Behçet's disease, inflammatory bowel disease, certain medications, and pregnancy.
Erythema nodosum is the most common form of panniculitis and is characterized by tender erythematous nodules mainly in the lower limbs on the pretibial area. The exact cause of erythema nodosum is unknown, although it appears to be a hypersensitivity response to a variety of antigenic stimuli. Although the etiology is mostly idiopathic, ruling out an underlying disease is imperative before diagnosing primary erythema nodosum. Erythema nodosum can be the first sign of a systemic disease that is triggered by a large group of processes, such as infections, inflammatory diseases, neoplasia, and/or drugs. The most common identifiable causes are streptococcal infections, primary tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, Behçet disease, inflammatory bowel disease, drugs, and pregnancy.
Erythema nodosum is the most common form of panniculitis and is characterized by tender erythematous nodules mainly in the lower limbs on the pretibial area. The exact cause of erythema nodosum is unknown, although it appears to be a hypersensitivity response to a variety of antigenic stimuli. Although the etiology is mostly idiopathic, ruling out an underlying disease is imperative before diagnosing primary erythema nodosum. Erythema nodosum can be the first sign of a systemic disease that is triggered by a large group of processes, such as infections, inflammatory diseases, neoplasia, and/or drugs. The most common identifiable causes are streptococcal infections, primary tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, Behçet disease, inflammatory bowel disease, drugs, and pregnancy.
Panniculitis se refiere a un conjunto diverso de afecciones inflamatorias que afectan el tejido adiposo debajo de la piel. Estas condiciones son poco comunes en los niños. Panniculitis puede ser el problema principal de una afección sistémica o una reacción secundaria a factores como una infección, una lesión o ciertos medicamentos. Independientemente de la causa, la mayoría de los tipos de panniculitis muestran síntomas similares, incluidos nódulos rojos y dolorosos debajo de la piel.
Panniculitides form a heterogenous group of inflammatory diseases that involve the subcutaneous adipose tissue. These disorders are rare in children and have many aetiologies. As in adults, the panniculitis can be the primary process in a systemic disorder or a secondary process that results from infection, trauma or exposure to medication. Some types of panniculitis are seen more commonly or exclusively in children, and several new entities have been described in recent years. Most types of panniculitis have the same clinical presentation (regardless of the aetiology), with tender, erythematous subcutaneous nodules.
Panniculitides form a heterogenous group of inflammatory diseases that involve the subcutaneous adipose tissue. These disorders are rare in children and have many aetiologies. As in adults, the panniculitis can be the primary process in a systemic disorder or a secondary process that results from infection, trauma or exposure to medication. Some types of panniculitis are seen more commonly or exclusively in children, and several new entities have been described in recent years. Most types of panniculitis have the same clinical presentation (regardless of the aetiology), with tender, erythematous subcutaneous nodules.
Panniculitis , una inflamación de la capa de grasa debajo de la piel, es una afección poco común que generalmente se manifiesta como nódulos o parches hinchados. Erythema nodosum (EN) es el tipo más común, a menudo provocado por varios factores. Si bien alrededor del 55% de los casos no tienen una causa clara, los desencadenantes comunes incluyen infecciones, medicamentos, ciertas enfermedades como la sarcoidosis y la enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal, el embarazo y el cáncer. La EN suele aparecer en adolescentes y adultos jóvenes, más a menudo en mujeres. A menudo va precedido de una sensación general de enfermedad que dura de una a tres semanas, con síntomas como fiebre y problemas de las vías respiratorias superiores. Luego, aparecen nódulos rojos, generalmente en los lados externos de brazos y piernas, que causan dolor. La causa exacta de la EN no se comprende completamente, pero se cree que involucra complejos inmunes en pequeños vasos sanguíneos de la capa de grasa, lo que provoca inflamación. Normalmente, una biopsia muestra inflamación en la capa de grasa sin daño a los vasos sanguíneos. Incluso sin un tratamiento específico para la causa subyacente, la EN a menudo se resuelve por sí sola. Por lo tanto, la mayoría de los pacientes sólo necesitan cuidados de apoyo para sus síntomas.
Panniculitis, an inflammation of the fat layer under the skin, is a rare condition usually showing up as swollen nodules or patches. Erythema nodosum (EN) is the most common type, often triggered by various factors. While around 55% of cases have no clear cause, common triggers include infections, medications, certain diseases like sarcoidosis and inflammatory bowel disease, pregnancy, and cancer. EN usually appears in teens and young adults, more often in females. It's often preceded by a general feeling of illness lasting one to three weeks, with symptoms like fever and upper respiratory issues. Then, red nodules appear, usually on the outer sides of arms and legs, causing pain. EN's exact cause isn't fully understood, but it's believed to involve immune complexes in small blood vessels of the fat layer, leading to inflammation. Typically, a biopsy shows inflammation in the fat layer without damage to blood vessels. Even without specific treatment for the underlying cause, EN often resolves on its own. So, most patients need only supportive care for their symptoms.
Panniculitis, an inflammation of the fat layer under the skin, is a rare condition usually showing up as swollen nodules or patches. Erythema nodosum (EN) is the most common type, often triggered by various factors. While around 55% of cases have no clear cause, common triggers include infections, medications, certain diseases like sarcoidosis and inflammatory bowel disease, pregnancy, and cancer. EN usually appears in teens and young adults, more often in females. It's often preceded by a general feeling of illness lasting one to three weeks, with symptoms like fever and upper respiratory issues. Then, red nodules appear, usually on the outer sides of arms and legs, causing pain. EN's exact cause isn't fully understood, but it's believed to involve immune complexes in small blood vessels of the fat layer, leading to inflammation. Typically, a biopsy shows inflammation in the fat layer without damage to blood vessels. Even without specific treatment for the underlying cause, EN often resolves on its own. So, most patients need only supportive care for their symptoms.
El eritema nudoso se diagnostica clínicamente. Se puede tomar una biopsia y examinarla microscópicamente para confirmar un diagnóstico incierto. Se debe realizar una radiografía de tórax para descartar enfermedades pulmonares, en particular sarcoidosis y tuberculosis.